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Women in Pakistan Dared to March and Didnt Care What Men Thought

International Women'southward Day demonstrations in Pakistan

A woman proudly holds a sign with a picture of a woman sitting with her legs apart.

A sign during the 2019 march saying Lo Beth Gayi Sahi Se ("Sit like a human being")

The Aurat March (Urdu: عورت مارچ or عورت احتجاج, English language: Women's March) is an annual socio-political sit-in in Pakistani cities such as Lahore, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Faisalabad, Multan, Quetta, Karachi, Islamabad and Peshawar to find International Women's Day.[ane] [ii]

The first Aurat Marches were begun by women's collectives in parallel with the Pakistani #MeToo movement on International Women's 24-hour interval.[three] [4] [5] The first march was held on 8 March 2018 in Karachi.[6] Marches were organized in 2019 in Lahore and Karachi by Hum Auratein (Nosotros the Women, a women'southward collective) and elsewhere in the state, including Islamabad, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Quetta, Mardan, and Faisalabad, by Women Democratic Front (WDF), Women'due south Action Forum (WAF), and other groups.[6] The march was endorsed past the Lady Health Workers Association and included representatives of a number of women's-rights organizations.[seven] [viii]

The march calls for greater accountability for violence against women and supports women who experience violence and harassment at the hands of security forces, in public spaces, at home, and in the workplace.[nine] Women and men carry posters with slogans such as Ghar ka Kaam, Sab ka Kaam ("Housework is everyone's work"), and Mera Jism Meri Marzi ("My body, my choice") became a rallying cry.[10]

Manifesto [edit]

The march manifesto demands economic justice, including implementation of labor rights and the Protection Against Harassment of Women at the Workplace Human activity, 2010, recognition of women'due south unpaid contributions to the "care economy", and provision of motherhood leave and daycare centers to ensure women'southward inclusion in the labor force. It also demands access to safe air and drinking h2o, protection of animals and wildlife, recognition of women's participation in the production of food and cash crops, access to a off-white judicial arrangement, the inclusion of women with disabilities and the transgender customs, reproductive justice, admission to public spaces, inclusion in educational institutions, the rights of religious minorities, promotion of an anti-war calendar, and an end to police brutality and forced disappearances.[ix]

Themes [edit]

According to Zuneera Shah, the etymology of the word aurat is misogynistic and it has controversial roots in Arabic. Due to this, many Indian, Iranian, and Arab feminists find the word problematic.[11] Western dominance of feminism has encouraged a dislike of the movement in countries such every bit Pakistan. Localization of the struggle for women's rights is important to S Asian activists relating to the feminist motion.[12] Shah says that with the Aurat March, concepts such equally pidar shahi (patriarchy) are receiving a wider apportionment.[12]

The theme of the 2018 march was "Equality", and the theme of the 2019 march was "Sisterhood and Solidarity".[ix] Co-ordinate to Nighat Dad, "The agenda of this march was to need resources and dignity for women, for the transgender customs, for religious minorities and those on the economic margins but more importantly to acknowledge that women'south emancipation is inherently linked with the improvement of all mistreated groups and minorities".[ This quote needs a citation ] The themes of the 2020 march were khudmukhtari (autonomy) and violence, sexual and economical.[13]

2018 and 2019 marches [edit]

Two smiling women with three signs

Hundreds of signs at the march highlighted fundamental rights such equally admission to teaching and employment.[14] "Mera Jism Meri Marzi" (My body, my choice) became the best-known slogan of the march.[15] Other slogans included "Why are you agape of my self-decision?", "A woman'south right to autonomy over her own body", and "In fact, everyone should become to determine for themselves what happens to their body".[sixteen] Slogans in the 2018 march included "Our rights are not upwards for grabs and neither are we", "Girls just wanna have fundamental human being rights", "Transwomen are women; shut up!", "Tu kare tou Stud, Mai Karun tou slut" ("If you do it you lot're a stud, but if I do it I'm a slut"), "Safe-street program for women", "Terminate being menstrual-phobic", "Consent ki Tasbeeh Rozana Parhen" ("Ask for consent every fourth dimension") and "Paratha rolls, not gender roles".[17] [18]

In March 2019, signs appeared saying "Jab tak aurat tang rahay gi, jang rahay gi, jang rahay gi" ("Men of quality will never exist agape of equality")[nineteen] and "Proceed your dick pics to yourself". Another had a cartoon of a vagina and two ovaries with the slogan, "Grow a pair!" Other signs read, "If yous like the headscarf so much, necktie information technology around your eyes"; a daughter sitting with her legs spread and "Lo Beth Gayi Sahi Se" ("Sit down like a man"),[twenty] and "Nazar teri gandi aur purdah mein keroun" ("Why must I wear a veil to keep you from ogling?") "Aaj waqai maa behn ek ho rahi hai" [21] depicts all women coming together without differences. 1 sign said that maybe because women are no longer tawaifs, some consider every contained woman one. Others read, "My shirt is not brusk, information technology's your mindset that is narrow" and "Oh, I am sad. Does this hurt your male ego?"[22] "These are my streets too" claimed public spaces.

In her article, Ailia Zehra analyzes a sign reading: "If Cynthia does it, she's applauded. If I do information technology, I'grand the villain." (Cynthia D. Ritchie – an American living in Pakistan – tweeted a photo of herself on a wheel to encourage women to use public spaces, unaware of her perceived privileged status as a white adult female.[23]

Nighat Dad, who organized the women'south march in Lahore, said that people were angry about the posters considering well-nigh Pakistanis – especially men – were non still ready to allow the marchers freedom of choice. Dad said that topics such as women'south sexuality and their rights to their own bodies are being discussed for the starting time time because of the march, simply "Online harassment has gone too far in terms of death and rape threats to the organizers and also to the marchers."[24] [25] According to Nisha Susan, the slogan "Lo Baith Gayi Theek Se" ("Meet, I'm sitting properly now") is not nigh adult female-spreading but is an opposition to the constant policing of women'due south bodies.[20] [26]

Opponents called the marchers "vulgar" opportunists who had transgressed conservative Pakistani values and replaced a struggle for rights with an anti-Islamic agenda.[fourteen] [27] Feminist writer Sadia Khatri describes the narrative in an article, saying that posters advocating education, inheritance, and marital rights receive less attention. Feminism based on respectability is not feminism, and gatekeeping encourages oppression.[28]

In the article "Womansplaining the Aurat March: Dear men, here's why Pakistan'southward women are asserting their rights", Rimmel Mohydin tells men to "smiling, you'll look prettier that way."[29] Mohydin notes that women are the subject of sexist jokes, simply are considered offensive if they make sexist jokes: "Every wisecrack, every sassy one-liner, every highly-seasoned slogan masked years and years of invisible pain that women have suffered".[29] A woman tin tell a human being that she won't warm his bed if he doesn't warm his own food, but what upsets men is that she could laugh at his expense.[29] Mohydin writes, "It is difficult to know where to identify your feet when you detect that the backs that you have been walking on are now standing up. That's why the author'due south pity is with misogynist politicians." Referring poster slogan "Continue your dick pics to yourself ... What seems to take affronted the male commonage the most is the shattering of a fantasy globe where women enjoy being subjected to unsolicited pictures of male genitals ... Nobody seems to say anything to the sender, but the reluctant receiver is apparently the trouble. Either she likes it (which, to them, makes her a 'slut') or she doesn't (which offends them). So as usual, women cannot win ... Are they upset at the loss of this opportunity to titillate women with their phallus? Why are they all shrivelling up? Have protesting women given them performance anxiety? ... The placards were a mirror and instead of taking this moment equally an opportunity to introspect, they take decided to beat their chest instead. Not their slain bodies, non their acid-burnt faces, not their immobility, non their lack of representation, not the dearth of affordable housing, not the moral policing their choices and bodies are subjected to, non the deprival of female person education, not the abiding threat of sexual harassment and onslaught, not the social structures that cutting women'due south potential in one-half, not the exploitation, non the objectification, not the fact that for many, women are still not human".[29]

The 2019 March was followed by mass cyberbullying against attendees of the March. Slogans on placards brought by attendees to the March were doctored and replaced with controversial statements to malign the movement and its aims. According to an commodity past Zuneera Shah, many attendees went through considerable cyberharrassment after the March, to the extent of receiving violent threats inciting violence and rape against attendees. I Marcher'southward face and placard were too featured without their consent on national television during a segment defaming Aurat March which aired on HumTV, one of the leading national television channels.[30] An organizer of Aurat March Lahore added, "No amount ofbacklash can take abroad the magic that happens on that day. Information technology fuels u.s. all for the entire yr."[30]

Film star Shaan Shahid tweeted that the posters did not represent Pakistani culture or values. Shahid was criticized for his films, which sexualize women and reduce them to props emphasizing his grapheme's masculinity, and defended his position as freedom of expression.[31] Actress Veena Malik was criticized for tweeting that the march had "brought humiliation to [the] women of Pakistan."[32] Poet Kishwar Naheedsaid in a video, "The next time you make such slogans, retrieve your culture, your traditions."[33]

Guardian journalist Mehreen Zahra-Malik called some of the backlash frightening; a film educatee reported that a group of boys sexually harassed her 16-year-old sister online and threatened to rape her for posting support for the march on Instagram. Nighat Dad, photographed with a sign reading "Divorced And Happy", was sexually harassed and threatened with sexual violence. Women participating in the march received threats of physical and sexual violence from social-media users after posting photographs of the posters. According to the Human being Rights Committee of Pakistan, nigh 500 women per year are the victims of honour killings.[34]

On twenty March 2019, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Associates protested against the Aurat March. Muttahida Majlis-i-Amal legislator Rehana Ismail presented a resolution maxim that women participating in the march were holding "obscene" placards and calling the marchers' demands for female empowerment "un-Islamic and shameful." After lukewarm opposition, the resolution passed unanimously.[35]

One popular affiche called for men to warm their ain food; another asked them to find their own socks. A 3rd read, "I'll warm your food simply you warm your own bed." Nida Kirmani, a feminist sociologist at the Lahore Academy of Direction Sciences, said that such posters received the harshest reactions because they challenged ability in a household. In a New York Times article, Mohammed Hanif said that men in Pakistan who claim to protect women actually baby-sit their own interests; Hanif did not understand how women property signs could exist seen every bit a threat to the national moral club.[36] According to newspaper editor Sabahat Zakariya, the slogans trigger masculine anxiety.[34]

[edit]

A social-media hashtag of the 2018 march was #KhaanaKhudGaramKarLo (#Heat your own meal). #WhyIMarch was a hashtag for the 2019 march,[37] with many celebrities, human-rights activists and others sharing their stories with the hashtags #HumAurtein #auratmarch #AuratMarch2019 #JaggaDein. Before the 2020 march, the hashtags #AuratMarch2020 and #MeraJismMeriMarzi appeared on social media.

2020 march [edit]

A young man holds a sign.

The 2020 Aurat March was held on viii March Karachi, Hyderabad, Lahore and Quetta, and the Aurat Azadi March was held in Islamabad, Sukkur and Multan.[38] [39] [twoscore] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46]

Lahore [edit]

Artist Shehzil Malik began collecting poster-design submissions on 8 March.[47] Participants in the march created a mural of posters submitted by volunteers in Lahore'due south Hussain Chowk, which was destroyed within hours.[48] [49] [50] Janita Tahir said that march participants were being threatened by bourgeois men, and the threats needed to be taken seriously.[51] [52]

A petition was filed in the Lahore High Courtroom past the Judicial Activism Quango chairman to terminate the march, saying that it was "against the very norms of Islam".[53] The petition was rejected by the court's chief justice, who emphasized that freedom of expression could non be banned.[54] [55]

Marchers gathered outside the Press Club and walked along Egerton Road to Aiwan-east-Iqbal. Participants had a number of placards. Despite a social-media storm before the march, many men were present in back up. Participants delivered speeches and held placards and banners displaying slogans decrying gender-based violence, misogyny and patriarchy. A resolution was submitted to the Punjab Associates by Kanwal Liaquat (MPA-PMLN) demanding an terminate to all forms of gender bigotry and condemning underage marriage.[56]

Quetta [edit]

The Quetta march, which began and ended at the Quetta Printing Gild, was organized past the Women's Alliance.[57] [58] In addition to social-discrimination issues, the secret installation of cameras in University of Balochistan washrooms and pupil meeting areas the previous twelvemonth was highlighted.[59] [60] [61]

Performance slice and vocal [edit]

"Tummy ho rapist", an Urdu version of "A Rapist in Your Path" revised to reflect the Pakistani experience, was performed.[62] [63] [64] Canadian-Pakistani singer Sophia Jamil (also known as Fifi) released her song, "Mera Jism Meri Marzi" ("My Body, My Selection"), on YouTube.[65] [66] [67] Some sang Hum Dekhenge a 1980s protestation song against repression.[68]

Reaction [edit]

Sarah Khan on feminism

"Go on man and woman at the place which is designated by Allah ... Don't teach your daughters to practice [the] Aurat March; educate your sons ... men should take equal rights too."

Sarah Khan[69]

The march was again criticized, particularly for its slogans (Mera Jism Meri Marzi in item), but supporters pointed out the double standard in Pakistani society.[70] Pro- and anti-march sentiments were exchanged in mainstream media,[71] and social media followed suit.[72] #فحاشی_مارچ_نامنظور ("unacceptable, vulgar march") was circulated past a small number of conservative groups, including groups affiliated with the ultra-conservative Tehreek-due east-Labaik Pakistan opposed to the march.[73] In April 2019, cleric Jawad Naqvi had called march organizers "the most evil of all women".[74]

Hareem Shah on Aurat March slogans

"..Feminists .. say things like 'Khana Khud Garam Karlo' if y'all don't want to serve your married man, then you should not get married because your husband is like your God.."

Hareem Shah (Social media influencer) [75]

Faiqa Mansab on backfire

"..Aurat March..demands were bones..safety..health intendance..resulted in backlash from Pakistan Taliban..what scares me most is the hidden Taliban in every household.."

Faiqa Mansab (Feminist author) [76]

Controversy increased before the 2020 march. Ultra-conservatives maintained Islam is already a feminist faith and instead of making additional demands, Muslim women needed to return to a more-modest culture. A haya (modesty) march was organized with the slogan "Our bodies, Allah's option".[70] Former Prime number Minister Nawaz Sharif's Muslim League party (PML-Due north) did not publicly oppose the Aurat March, but cautioned marchers not to violate Islamic cultural markers. Prime Minister Imran Khan'southward regime, ruled by his Pakistan Tehreek-east-Insaf party (which had yielded to ultra-conservative pressure a month earlier, opposing an Islamabad march), formally supported the march but equated its slogans with national honor. After the march, Khan criticized the inequity of the Pakistani educational system.[77]

The left-of-eye Islamic republic of pakistan Peoples Party was more welcoming of the march. PPP Senator Mustafa Nawaz Khokhar accused Khan and his party of considering the ultra-conservative, PML-N and PTI positions a de facto anti-woman alliance. The PPP supported the march unconditionally.[seventy] [78] Janita Tahir said that Aurat March participants were asking why Khan, a vocal proponent of international human rights, is relatively silent about the half of the Pakistani population which is in a weaker position[51] In her article, Farzana Rasheed asked why Islamic republicanism and freedom are mutually exclusive. Rasheed noted the Khan-conservative alliance's inconsistency in condoning extremist violence while claiming to exist a democratic, peaceful nation.[72]

Co-ordinate to Sohail Akbar Warraich, Pakistan's right-fly press aggressively examines the Aurat March for LGBTQ-friendly and pro-choice elements; "non in line with Pakistan's Islamic social material" and being "obscene and vulgar", are common conservative dog whistles.[79] Warraich wrote that early on in the COVID-xix pandemic, the religious correct was in retreat; that phase was short-lived, however, and the government has resumed pressuring women'due south NGOs (as it had done since the Aurat Marches began).[79]

Posters and slogans 2020 [edit]

The 2020 march'south slogans included "Proverb ' Mashallah ' does not make your harassment halal",[80] [81] "Domestic violence kills more than corona", "I march so one day my daughters won't have to", "Imagine non loving the women in your life plenty to abet for their rights".[81] [82] Men held signs maxim, "I am surrounded by the opposite gender and I feel safe. I want the same for them", "Proud husband of a feminist, proud father of a feminist, proud feminist", and "I will be a proud jorru ka Ghulam". Jorru ka Ghulam ("wife's slave") is a pejorative term for a caring husband.[81] [82]

2021 march [edit]

The organizers of the Lahore march decided on "Women'due south Health Crisis" every bit its theme to draw attending to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Pakistani women, and selected a affiche by Shehzil Malik depicting the health concerns of women due to their environment.[83] [84] The Karachi march organizers staged a sit down-in at Frere Hall, with opposition to patriarchal violence its main theme. A manifesto demanded an cease of the two-finger test and more female person and transgender representation on infirmary medico-legal teams.[84] An Aurat Foundation report said that despite continued under-reporting of violence confronting women and girls, reported cases from 25 Pakistani districts increased to ii,297 in 2020 (during the pandemic).[85] Fifty-vii percent of the cases were in Punjab, and 27 percent were in Sindh. The reported crimes included honor killings, murder, rape, suicide, acid-burning, kidnapping, child and forced matrimony, dowries and inheritance.[85] Co-ordinate to Shehzil Malik, Pakistan has Asia's highest charge per unit of breast cancer and 52 percent of women of reproductive age are anemic. The march posters were intended to initiate conversations nigh a pandemic of toxic patriarchal norms, and the health metaphor highlighted the anguish of structural sexism and exploitation in Pakistani club – a patriarchal guild which prioritizes profit over care for Pakistani women confront.[83]

Conservatives led by the president of a local merchandise group in Mardan (a township in the Peshawar region) held a counter-protest before the Aurat March.[86] Firdous Ashiq Awan, special assistant to the principal minister of Punjab, said that the Pakistan Tehreek-eastward-Insaf authorities wants to build a society with gender equality and women's rights in line with Islamic principles and values.[87]

On 8 March in Lahore, women wrote their experiences of harassment and bigotry on a "#MeToo blanket"; women in Karachi displayed their laundry, with instances of harassment and discrimination written on them. That year's placards were devoted to gender-based violence, sexual harassment, rape, and female infanticide.[88] #PatriarchykaPandemic (Pandemic of Patriarchy) was a new social-media hashtag.[89] Motivational songs such as "Kurye meray des diye" were performed at the Lahore march and shared on social media.[89] Women in Karachi protested with slogans such as "Jab tak aurat tang rahegi, jang rahegi jang rahegi" ("The struggle will keep until women rise upwards").[90]

Some slogans evoked pop Bollywood music. One, "Tere liye hee tou betoken tor taar ke aaya toxic masculinity chhor chhaar ke" ("I jumped all the cherry-red lights for you and gave up my toxic masculinity"), was based on the Hindi song lyric "Tere liye hee tou bespeak tor taar ke aaya Dilli wali girlfriend chhor chhaar ke" ("I jumped all the red lights for yous, leaving my girlfriend back in Delhi"). To the woman holding the sign, a man having friendships with other women was less of a concern than his misogyny would be.[xc] Some other placard read, "Yunhi koi creep mil gaya tha sare raah chalte chalte" ("A creep showed up while I was on my way").[ninety]

Ali Gul Pir released the satirical song "Tera Jism, Meri Marzi" ("Your Body, My Choice") in response to critics of the Aurat March slogan. Lyrics such as "Tera Jism, Meri Marzi. Chup aurat achi bolnay waali gandi" ("Your body, my choice; a silent woman is good, and a woman who speaks is bad") and "Aese kesay tune socha sab aesi wesi hain, jesi teri niyat hai, sab dikhti hi wesi hain" ("How did yous retrieve that all women are 'like that'? You see women as your intention and motive") expose and question misogyny and patriarchy.[91]

[edit]

Although opponents of the Aurat March accused its organizers on social media of flight a French flag, the flag of the Women Democratic Front is red, white, and purple.[92] It was also claimed that the organization supports a strange agenda and is funded past foreign organizations.[93] [94] [95] [96] [97] Critics of the march reportedly released a doctored video to discredit the movement and betrayal its supporters to irreverence charges.[98] [99] [100] [101] [102]

Manifestos [edit]

The social-media campaign and Karachi manifesto focused on violence against women, such as legislation discriminating against women and trans people, acid attacks, and forced disappearances.[84] The Lahore "Feminist Manifesto on Healthcare" called for equal participation in wellness and medical policymaking, medical research, and medical trials. Other points included concerns about climate change, harassment and violence against female person healthcare workers, the emptying of chemical castration as a punishment for rape, and a halt to virginity tests.[103]

2022 march [edit]

Armeena Khan explains the Aurat March

""Aurat March ...is not the complete solution,..only..an important function of a range of actions required. As for privileged and educated women being part of the Aurat March,...Their social position doesn't disqualify them. Information technology's similar saying Jinnah shouldn't accept marched for the institution of Pakistan because he was a westernised, educated, privileged human being who had little in common with a poor subcontinent Muslim..."

Armeena Khan quoted in Images The Dawn Date 2022 March eleven [104]

Explaining the reason of continuation of Aurat March in 2022 Saman Rizwan says that, in comparing to 2020, the gender gap in Pakistan increased by 0.seven pct points during the year 2021.[105]

Backfire and debates in media and social media [edit]

According to Hafiz Naeem ur Rehman, the president of Jamat-e-Islami (JI) (a religiously right fly bourgeois polotical political party) they acknowledge women bug like inadequate wages need for separate public transport for women, merely they strongly oppose objectionable slogans in the Aurat March.[106] Maulana Rashid Mehmood Soomro explained Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI-F)'s objections to those slogans in Aurat March which they think to be contrary to their Islamic credo and allegedly promote vulgarity. And added threats to stop Aurat March past force if it includes slogans not acceptable to them.[106] According to Mufti Muneeb-ur-Rehman, earstwhile Chairman Ruet-e-Hilal Commission of Islamic republic of pakistan, Islam already provides for rights for women in four corners of Sharia, hence in that location is no need of women's Aurat March which according to them promotes western culture and agenda.[106] According to Ghazala Shafiq, one of Aurat March organizer, unfair gendered treatment to women and minorities in Pakistan is contrary to constitution of Pakistan therefore Aurat March motility is relevant and Aurat March receive criticism and threats from various right wing factions since Aurat March slogans incorporate unlikable truths in them.[106]

According to Pakistan'southward minister for religious affairs and interfaith harmony, Noorul Haq Qadri, Islamic societies are the best in protecting women's rights, Qadri says Aurat March banners, placards and slogans do not match with the Pakistan's social, political and religious standard imbibed in the collective thought of the Pakistani people,[107] and that individual or ceremonious guild participating in Aurat March ought not to get elbowroom to undermine the religious injunctions and instead Aurat March be historic as Hijab day to focus discrimination by Hindu extremists against Muslim minorities in India.[108] Later on Data Minister Fawad Chaudhry distanced Government of Islamic republic of pakistan saying that governments does not take whatever right to police people's indicate of views and habiliment.[109] According to Haseeb Hanif, during anti-2022 India (Karnataka) hijab row pro-hijab march held by Pakistan'southward right wing political political party Jamiat Ulema-eastward-Islam (F) while enervating freedom of option for Muslim girl students in India, asking whether human rights defenders are blind, the leaders of the JUIF simultaneously termed women's rights demands in Aurat March Islamic republic of pakistan as obscene and in the same voice opposed ensued yearly Aurat March in Pakistan to be held on 8 March 2022 and threatened that shall be stopped past them forcefully with sticks and batons.[109] [110] According to Abbas Nasir Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf run government of Pakistan and Jamiat Ulema-east-Islam (F) oppose Aurat March since though may be they are different and competitive political parties, but are united in their deep-seated misogyny and patriarchy.[111] Nasir cites contempo (2022) instances including the 1 case of tribal retribution in which ii young women, were raped and paraded in their village because a couple from their tribe got married of their own option.[111] Nasir says Islamic republic of pakistan's misogynist and patriarchal clergy fails to understand that Pakistan's women through their Aurat March are not looking for patronizing favour but are striving for legitimate equal rights and freedom from unjust condition quo which undermines women'southward legitimate equal rights and persecution going on since centuries in course of honor killings to molestation, to denial of legitimate right and freedom and respect for their personal choices.[111] Daily Times editorial 'Fear of the Aurat March' says that the federal minister Noorul Haq Qadri is not bringing any constructive contribution to the table by positioning Hijab as an antithesis to a Pakistan wide legitimate women's move and that Qadri is declining to introspect within while on i hand cherry picking the predicament of some Muslim women, on the other hand Qadri seems to disregard all unfortunate goes correct underneath his spotter is very unbecoming of both as a state representative every bit well as a leading phonation of organized religion.[112] The Daily Times author Aliya Anjum'due south article championship advices men to have Hijab Day for themselves and points out right to public space for women according to Hadith literature.[113] The Daily Times also says that there are too many women's issues which need attention of Pakistan authorities as well as society still the editorial believes Aurat March should prefer less controversial slogans.[112] According to Farah Khwaja equally evident from foreboding disheartened responses of Pakistani men to Aurat March, which are predisposed for continuation of moral policing on clothing choices of Pakistani women in public spaces and are prepare to argue whether or not those comply to their orthodox hunch of 'modesty'.[114] Khwaja says the simple steps of women marching unitedly enervating for their fundamental rights leads to so much backlash and hate in Pakistan.[114] Peradventure the same men who are asking for rights to vesture Hijab in other nations should too amplify their voices when women's rights are undermined in Pakistan itself.[114] Farah Khwaja says while Pakistanis slam other nations for their drawbacks, they also ought too take notice of, how Pakistan as a nation is failing its own women and religious minorities also.[114]

Islamic republic of pakistan's senator Sherry Rehman said that on one hand Pakistanis are condemning Indian attitude and on other hand conspiring to ban unarmed women's march in Pakistan and denying Pakistani women of their freedom and rights on International Women's Day itself.[115] According to Safia Bano as Aurat March date comes near hostility and trolling begins, Pakistani women's demands in manifesto are disregarded instead focus is lead towards few banners considering demands regarding solar day today problems do not make interesting news.[116] According to the Dawn Images dated 19 February 2022; many users on social media criticized Noorul Haq Qadri for inexpedient attempts to divert attention from legitimate demands for rights by women of Islamic republic of pakistan.[117] The International News in its editorial says that while in high-profile example of Noor Mukadam justice has been served, women of Pakistan deserve consistency in justice, and the editorial points out same time Qandeel Baloch'south brother is acquitted and religious affairs minister also orthodox politicians of JUI-F are talking confronting organizing of Aurat March.[118]

Marches amidst intimidation and attacks [edit]

According to the Dawn Images dated 9th March, negative misinformation campaigns against Aurat March along with Whats App letters urging family unit elders to restrict their family women from participating in Aurat March proved to be an impediment for many women.[119] According to The Fri Times News Desk-bound, during system of 2022 International Women's Days Marches in Pakistan's various cities, at some places Marches had to be ended early due to pressure tactics by government administration, constabulary and judiciary were not cooperative enough and intimidating attacks by conservative opposing religious and political groups.[120] District assistants of Islamabad reportedly mislead desirous attendees nigh venue of March, ordered participants to disperse, threatened operators of sound system and even switched off microphones of participating women.[120] Reportedly in a hate speech, a religio political leader in the counter protest rally at Islamabad publicly prayed for same fate for Aurat March participants every bit of a murdered victim Noor Mukaddam sans any action from police force confronting the detest spoken communication.[120] [121] According to news reports in Friday Times, Daily Time and The Dawn, in Lahore regime ultimately provided some protection simply seemed not keen enough in providing requisite protection and security to the Aurat March.[120] [122] [123] [124] [125] Aurat March women marched through Lahore'south Egerton Road sloganeering and holding banners and posters in their hand demanding inclusivity, equal rights , security for women.[126] [127] According to Daily Times news study approximately 2000 women attended 2022 Lahore Aurat March.[122] At the starting betoken march organizers staged exhibit called 'Journalism Must Be Ethical', made of cardboard cutouts depicting those kind of media journalist who said to have misrepresented or misreported Aurat March, harassed marching women or posted images of the marchers with clickbait intention.[126] [127] The cut-outs were holding banners quoting the journalists they had said or represented and a QR code to access the alleged misinformation spread past them.[126] [127] News study of Sanniah Hassan for Baghi TV expressed apprehension saying such inclusion of cutouts jeopardizes legitimate interests of their and other journalists.[128] At the end of Aurat March Lahore women sang feminist songs like 'Rapist Ho Tum' and Tappay songs in classical folklore grade with feminist overtones.[126] And at the leave of the march some of the participant'due south kurtas were displayed inscribed with ages when they were harassed and their relation with the harasser.[126] A counter-protests challenge to protect of Islamic values, called women'southward "hijab marches", were too taken out past in Lahore similar to the ones in Karachi and Islamabad.[122] According to The Friday Times, despite some barricades maintained by police In Lahore, 'Haya March' (Morality March), passed in shut proximity of mere 200 meters and men from Haya March attacked women in Aurat March and regime asked women of Aurat March to close their march abruptly.[120] [126]

2022 Manifestos [edit]

Aurat March Lahore has made 17 demands through its 2022 manifesto. The 2022 Lahore manifesto theme talks of focus on 'Asal Insaaf' i.e. 'Reimagining Justice' which wishes structural revision of the state and guild'due south formulation of justice and addressing systemic inadequacies, expresses business concern over discriminatory towards gender and ethnic minorities in the Islamic republic of pakistan'southward judiciary and excessive focus on carceral penalisation to combat law-breaking.[129] The 2022 Lahore manifesto demand includes more fiscal support to 'survivor-centric' welfare organizations, universal bones income and care piece of work income for all, decriminalisation of defamation laws.[129] While the Lahore manifesto expressed concerns over compromising of individual privacy and liberty through 'safe city projection' (which provides for People's republic of china similar integrated monitoring of public places with 3D CCTV cameras), the need came for criticism claiming condom city projection is probable to benefit for safety of women in public places.[130]

2022 Aurat March Karachi 'Mehnatkash Aurat Rally' ('working women's rally') manifesto makes diverse demands for women in unorganized sector including security, minimum wages and too asks improved provisions for Women'due south shelter homes with 'peace, bread and equality' as master slogan.[131] [132]

Touch [edit]

According to Moneeza Ahmed, the Aurat March'south primary benefit is to initiate a nationwide dialogue almost women'south-rights issues; feminism has become part of mainstream discourse in Pakistan. Ahmed says that the march has brought discussion of issues of consent and bodily and sexual autonomy to the forefront.[84] Ahmed and Ajwah[ who? ] say that women-related laws have much room for improvement, and the Aurat March increases the pressure for modify; the reporting of institutional Me Also issues and awareness of problems such as the two-finger test has improved.[84] According to Dr. Nida Kirmani though incidences like a TikTok creator woman getting sexually assaulted in precincts of Pakistan's prominent national monument the Minar-e-Pakistan in Lahore on Islamic republic of pakistan'south (2021) Independence Day exposes rife violence confronting women, such gender-based violence is not new in Islamic republic of pakistan merely getting more media and social media attending and this has not limited in the virtual realm for example, after the Minar-east-Pakistan incident, young women and men held demonstrations on the aforementioned place where the Tik Toker lady had been assaulted a week earlier, in an attempt to manifest women's right to be present in public spaces.[133] According to Neelam Yousaf, irrespective of one agrees or hates, Aurat March is having revolutionary impact and is succeeding in initiating a chat and consciousness effectually women'due south rights in Pakistan and Pakistani women are striving to achieve equal rights.[134]

Academic studies [edit]

Co-ordinate to Lorna Stevens, Olga Kravets, Pauline Maclaran, Aurat March started since 2018 International Women'south Day is now an annual protest in Islamic republic of pakistan.[135] Equally per linguistic analysis of Abgeena Riaz Khan, Aziz Ahmad, Rab Nawaz Khan, Usman Shah and Itbar Khan, the phrase "aurat march," contains a Urdu word forth with English morpheme is an example of Intra-Sentential Switching.[136] Ina Goel classifies Aurat March as integral part of global Fourth-wave feminism.[137] According to Malik Afzal, Muhamad Pakri, Nurul Abdullah (2021), the narrative of award and decency is used by centers of patriarchal powers in Islamic republic of pakistan to suppress the narrative of women's empowerment that emancipate in the grade of the Aurat March in Pakistan. Pakistani adult female needs to exist accepted every bit woman and orthodox thought in Pakistan about female person body is due for reexamination.[138]

Encounter likewise [edit]

  • All Pakistan Women'due south Association
  • Aurat Foundation
  • Blue Veins
  • Bicycling and feminism
  • Feminism in Pakistan
  • Girls at Dhabas
  • Me Too motion (Pakistan)
  • Mera Jism Meri Marzi
  • Musawah
  • Pakistan Federation of Concern and Professional Women
  • Rape in Pakistan
  • Violence against women in Pakistan
  • Women in Islam
  • Women in Pakistan
  • Women related laws in Pakistan
  • Women's Action Forum
  • Women'southward Protection Bill
  • Women's rights
  • Women's liberation movement in Asia

Bibliography [edit]

  • Khan, Ayesha. The Women's Movement in Pakistan: Activism, Islam and Democracy. United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018.
  • Feminism, Postfeminism and Legal Theory: Beyond the Gendered Subject?. Britain, Taylor & Francis, 2018.
  • Shaikh-Farooqui, Amneh. Fearless: Stories of Amazing Women from Pakistan. India, Penguin Random Business firm India Private Express, 2020.
  • From Terrorism to Television: Dynamics of Media, State, and Society in Pakistan. Milton Park: Taylor & Francis, 2020.
  • Chapter5 Pakistan:Digital Justice Ed.:Vogelstein, Rachel B., and Stone, Meighan. Work: Awakening: #MeToo and the Global Fight for Women's Rights. U.s., PublicAffairs, 2021.
  • "The Aurat March" - Shama Dosa (chapter 23), Routledge Handbook of Gender in Southern asia. Milton Park: Taylor & Francis, 2021.
  • Affiliate 12, A Cartographic Journeying of Race, Gender and Power: Global Identity. United Kingdom, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2021.
  • Afzal, Malik Haroon; Pakri, Muhamad Rashidi Mohd; and Abdullah, Nurul Farhana Low (2021). Is Women'south Empowerment a Thucydides' Trap for Patriarchy in Pakistan? The Aurat (Woman) March-2020 and Bina Shah's Earlier She Sleeps. Journal of International Women'southward Studies, 22(9), 111-127
  • Daanika R. Kamal, Networked Struggles: Placards at Pakistan's Aurat March, Feminist Legal Studies, (15 December 2021). https://doi.org/ten.1007/s10691-021-09480-4 [139]
  • Aaisha Salman. "The West and the Feminist: Contemporary Feminist Activism in Pakistan and the Politics of National Culture ". Kohl: a Journal for Torso and Gender Enquiry Vol. 8 No. i (24 January 2022): pp. 52–66. (Last accessed on 12 March 2022). Bachelor at: https://kohljournal.printing/west-and-feminist
  • Shirin Zubair, Mera Jism Meri Marzi : Framing the contestations of Women'due south Rights in Islamic republic of pakistan, pp 307–325 in 'Global Contestations of Gender Rights Ed.: Alexandra Scheele, Julia Roth, Heidemarie Winke' ISBN 9783837660692 Publishers: Bielefeld University Press
  • Sonia Mukhtar, Shamim Mukhtar, Waleed Rana, A Public Health Perspective of "My Trunk, My Choice" in Aurat March of Pakistan: A Crunch of Marital Rape During COVID-19 Pandemic, January 18, 2022 , Sage Journals https://doi.org/10.1177/10105395211072500

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External links [edit]

Media related to Aurat March at Wikimedia Commons

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurat_March

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